Grade 12 Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Identify the components of DNA, including nucleotides and sugar-phosphate backbone
• Understand the double helix structure and antiparallel strands
• Recognize the base pairing rules between adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Assess how Alberta’s geography affects renewable resource availability for wind, solar, and bioenergy.
• Explain how intermittency can be managed using storage and system integration strategies.
• Compare renewable technologies using lifecycle metrics such as energy payback time and greenhouse-gas balance.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the concept of photons and their quantized energy exchange.
• Explain the relation E = hf between photon energy and frequency.
• Describe the photoelectric effect and how it demonstrates particle-like behavior of light.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the mechanisms of erosion driven by water, ice, wind, and gravity.
• Describe how erosion reshapes landscapes and transports sediments across Earth systems.
• Identify different erosion processes such as river incision, glacial plucking, and coastal erosion.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the limiting reactant in a balanced chemical equation using stoichiometric ratios.
• Calculate theoretical yield and percent yield from reaction quantities and actual product mass.
• Explain how excess reactants and practical yield losses affect product formation in real chemical processes.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how solar nebula and protoplanetary disk processes can produce the Solar System’s overall architecture.
• Describe how accretion and planetary differentiation influence composition, structure, and likely atmospheric outcomes.
• Use observational constraints (spectroscopy, orbital parameters, and sample analyses) to connect models to present-day planetary diversity.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the principles of electron configuration including Aufbau, Pauli exclusion, and Hund’s rules.
• Predict the valence electrons and chemical behavior of elements based on their electron configuration.
• Understand spectroscopic signatures and techniques used in industrial and research contexts to analyze electron arrangements.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the principles of stratigraphy and its role in reconstructing Earth's history.
• Identify various methods used in integrated geological reconstruction, including radiometric dating and paleomagnetic analysis.
• Interpret layered rock records to infer past tectonic and environmental events.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Define key components of risk assessment including hazard identification, exposure assessment, and consequence evaluation.
• Analyze how different stakeholders interpret and respond to socio-environmental risks.
• Evaluate the importance of transparent communication and policy instruments in risk governance.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the concept of gravitational fields as long-range forces producing central accelerations.
• Define gravitational potential and potential energy in two-body systems.
• Describe how gravitational field strength varies with distance from mass sources.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Classify chemical reactions into synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, combustion, redox, and acid–base categories.
• Predict products and balance equations by applying typical reaction patterns and conservation of atoms.
• Connect reaction types to real-world contexts, including combustion emissions and acid–base neutralization in mining.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the concept of genetic diversity in populations
• Identify key genetic metrics used in conservation biology
• Explain the significance of heterozygosity and gene flow+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
• Understand the basic processes involved in the rock cycle.
• Recognize how surface and subsurface processes transform rocks over time.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe the process of solar system formation including the role of protoplanetary disks.
• Explain planetary differentiation and the reasons for diversity in planetary atmospheres.
• Relate observational data from spectroscopy and orbital parameters to models of planetary origins.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain bond breaking and bond forming during chemical reactions
• Describe particle energy changes during reaction progress
• Describe particle arrangement changes during reactions+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the basic concepts of the photoelectric effect
• Identify the relationship between photon energy, work function, and kinetic energy of emitted electrons
• Analyze experimental parameters such as threshold frequency and stopping potential+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how habitat change affects population dynamics.
• Evaluate how invasive species alter community structure.
• Describe trophic relationships and energy transfer efficiency.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Calculate reaction enthalpy using standard enthalpies of formation and combustion data
• Apply Hess's law by combining enthalpy terms algebraically for multi-step reactions
• Use bond enthalpies to estimate reaction energy changes and compare energetic trends

Learning Objectives

• Define the mole concept and explain how moles relate to particles in samples.
• Calculate molar mass and use it to convert between grams and moles.
• Use coefficients from a balanced equation to predict reactant limits and product amounts.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how photon energy, work function, and emitted electron kinetic energy are related in the photoelectric effect.
• Use experimental ideas such as threshold frequency and stopping potential to determine physical quantities.
• Interpret how photon flux affects emission rate while photon energy affects electron ejection.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Differentiate laminar and turbulent flow using observable behavior
• Explain how cross-sectional area affects fluid speed
• Apply Bernoulli relationships to practical flow situations+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Predict molecular shapes using VSEPR electron-pair repulsion principles
• Determine bond angles from predicted molecular geometries
• Connect hybridization to common molecular geometries+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how greenhouse gases affect Earth’s outgoing heat
• Compare natural and human climate drivers
• Identify how driver timescales influence climate trends+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand key principles of scientific study design, including variable management and sampling strategy.
• Recognize appropriate instrumentation and statistical treatments for environmental monitoring.
• Evaluate criteria for methodological robustness, reproducibility, and ethical data handling in research.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how to identify claims and evidence in scientific arguments
• Learn to evaluate whether data supports conclusions
• Recognize the importance of acknowledging uncertainty and controls+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how atmospheric composition, pressure gradients, and thermal structure drive large-scale circulation patterns
• Describe the roles of the Coriolis force, Hadley and Ferrel cells, and jet streams in shaping weather and climate
• Use concepts of atmospheric stability, lapse rates, and radiative heating to connect short-term weather variability to climate patterns+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how technology choices influence system behavior in efficiency, safety, sustainability, and reliability.
• Identify different impacts of technology decisions on system performance.
• Analyze cause-and-effect relationships related to technology impacts.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe the components of the atomic model, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Explain electron configurations and their influence on element reactivity.
• Analyze orbital shapes, subshell filling order, and effective nuclear charge.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy conservation applies to thermal processes between a system and its surroundings.
• Use calorimetry reasoning to relate temperature change to heat transfer using mass and specific heat.
• Apply sign conventions for heat gained and heat lost in closed systems involving physical and chemical changes.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how atomic spectra arise from quantized electronic energy transitions
• Use spectral line patterns to infer element identity and related atomic structure information
• Describe how selection rules and line broadening affect observed emission/absorption spectra+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Frame a senior design research question and define measurable variables for field or laboratory testing.
• Apply controlled comparisons by managing variables and choosing appropriate instrumentation for air or water monitoring.
• Use statistical reasoning to assess significance, quantify error/uncertainty, and document reproducible, ethical data handling.

Learning Objectives

• Understand the basic principles of planetary orbits and gravitational forces.
• Identify key characteristics of orbital paths and motions.
• Recognize how gravity influences the motion of planets and satellites.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how apparent brightness relates to the distance of stars
• Identify different methods used to measure cosmic distances
• Explain the significance of redshift and standard candles in astronomy+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Construct claims supported by specific scientific evidence
• Explain how variables and controls support causal interpretations
• Evaluate alternative explanations against predictions and evidence+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how natural selection changes allele frequencies
• Identify evidence that supports natural selection
• Connect heritable variation to reproductive success+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how momentum conservation applies to systems with changing mass.
• Describe the relationship between mass flow rate, exhaust velocity, and vehicle acceleration.
• Analyze practical implications of variable mass in propulsion, staging, and energy costs.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how shared derived characters support hypotheses of evolutionary relationships in phylogenetic trees.
• Distinguish homologous similarities from analogous similarities caused by convergent evolution.
• Describe how molecular clock models and statistical methods can estimate divergence times and assess tree reliability.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how stratigraphy, fossil assemblages, and radiometric dating are used to organize Earth’s history into geological time intervals.
• Distinguish between relative dating and absolute dating methods in constructing timelines.
• Analyze how changes in the atmosphere, oceans, and biosphere can be interpreted through geological evidence across long time scales.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the key factors that influence population size, density, and age structure over time.
• Describe patterns of population growth such as exponential and logistic models.
• Identify interactions among populations like predation, competition, mutualism, and parasitism.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how the fossil record, comparative morphology, biogeography, and molecular phylogenetics provide evidence for evolution
• Use homology, transitional forms, and congruent phylogenetic trees to support conclusions about common ancestry and evolutionary history
• Evaluate how different types of data can reinforce natural selection and speciation in real-world examples

Learning Objectives

• Explain how heat transfer during chemical reactions is quantified using enthalpy (ΔH).
• Differentiate exothermic and endothermic reactions based on the sign and magnitude of ΔH.
• Use calorimetry and specific heat concepts to relate temperature change to energy change.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the key concepts of resource assessment and conversion technologies for renewable energy in Alberta.
• Analyze challenges and lifecycle considerations of wind, solar, and bioenergy systems.
• Evaluate environmental and economic metrics used to compare renewable energy options.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how photon energy relates to frequency using E = hf
• Describe the photoelectric effect using work function and threshold frequency
• Compare classical wave predictions with experimental evidence for quantized energy exchange

Learning Objectives

• Define gravitational fields and describe their properties
• Explain how gravitational potential and potential energy are related in two-body systems
• Describe how field strength varies with distance from a mass source+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how technology choices affect efficiency, safety, sustainability, and reliability in real systems.
• Identify key trade-offs among efficiency, safety, sustainability, and reliability when selecting technologies.
• Use cause-and-effect reasoning to predict how design changes can influence system performance over time.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how energy from the Sun moves through and between Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, land, and ice.
• Identify positive and negative feedbacks in Earth system processes affecting climate and weather.
• Analyze how changes in one component can amplify or dampen changes in others.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Define and distinguish between kinetic and potential energy
• Understand basic properties of thermal and other energy forms
• Describe how energy transforms during motion, collisions, and deformation+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the concept of electronegativity and how it influences bond polarity
• Identify polar and nonpolar bonds based on electronegativity differences
• Analyze how bond polarity affects molecular interactions and properties+ Show more