Grade 4 Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Identify different types of natural and artificial light sources.
• Describe how light interacts with objects to produce observed brightness and color.
• Explain the concept that light travels in straight lines and how this affects visibility and shadows.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how light moves in straight lines and how it creates shadows.
• Identify factors that affect the size and position of shadows.
• Predict shadow behavior based on light source position and object size.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Classify rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic using observable texture features.
• Identify how grain size, crystal arrangement, and layering or foliation relate to rock formation.
• Use common examples (basalt, granite, sandstone, shale, schist) to match texture to rock type.

Learning Objectives

• Identify basic survival needs of living things, including water, air or gases, food, and suitable conditions.
• Explain how limited resources can change how living things function over time.
• Match survival needs to the organisms and conditions that depend on them.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how choosing consistent measurement methods and units helps make data usable for comparison across trials.
• Identify the responding variable in an investigation and describe which quantity should be recorded each time.
• Use clear criteria to decide what to count and how to record observations so results stay aligned with the claim.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how meshing gear teeth transfer motion from one gear to another
• Describe how gear size and tooth count affect output rotational speed and direction
• Compare the roles of idler gears and compound gear trains in changing motion

Learning Objectives

• Identify different types of natural and artificial light sources and their characteristics.
• Understand how emitted and reflected light behave and how light travels in straight lines.
• Compare spectral output and perceived color of various light sources.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how flowing water, wind, and ice can break down and move Earth materials
• Identify how erosion changes landforms over time by transporting material to new locations
• Recognize evidence of erosion such as worn edges and exposed layers

Learning Objectives

• Explain how changing string length, tension, and mass per unit length affects pitch.
• Describe how wind instruments change the effective air column to change pitch.
• Connect percussion size, tension, and stiffness to differences in frequency.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how observable traits help scientists classify living things into groups.
• Use multiple traits as evidence to make a classification more reliable.
• Identify examples of traits such as body shape, covering, leaf structure, and seed form.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how evidence from observations supports a scientific claim.
• Connect patterns in data to original observations and to predicted outcomes for similar situations.
• Revise a claim using the strength and limitations of the evidence.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how friction, wear, and deformation reduce a machine’s efficiency
• Distinguish ideal mechanical advantage from actual mechanical advantage
• Describe how material choice, lubrication, and surface finish affect performance and reliability

Learning Objectives

• Describe how igneous rocks form from molten magma or lava
• Compare intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks using cooling rate and crystal size
• Explain how mineral assemblages and textures can record a rock’s cooling history+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how inclined planes and screw threads can reduce required input force by increasing distance.
• Explain the relationship between ramp angle or thread pitch and mechanical advantage.
• Give real-world examples of inclined planes and screws and discuss how friction limits their effectiveness.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how material choice and safety margins affect the reliability of simple mechanisms
• Describe how tolerance and fit influence whether gears, pulleys, and linkages work smoothly
• Evaluate design options using performance criteria such as mechanical advantage, strength, cost, and intended function+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how pulley systems transmit motion and can multiply force using mechanical advantage.
• Compare single fixed pulleys with block-and-tackle systems in terms of force and rope distance.
• Describe how compound pulley arrangements and linkage types control motion and produce different outcomes.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how soil forms from weathered parent rock, organic matter, climate, topography, and time.
• Explain how soil horizons can differ in color, texture, and fertility.
• Predict how climate, slope, and drainage affect soil depth and development.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how water depth, soil saturation, and flooding influence wetland plants and animals
• Describe how wetland plants have structural adaptations for life in low-oxygen, wet soils
• Differentiate marshes, swamps, and bogs using dominant vegetation and hydrology+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how moving water, wind, and ice can erode Earth materials.
• Explain how erosion transports materials from one place to another.
• Identify evidence of erosion such as worn edges and exposed layers.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify common simple machines (lever, inclined plane, wedge, screw, wheel-and-axle, and pulley) from everyday examples.
• Classify simple machines by how they change force: force multipliers, distance changers, and direction changers.
• Explain how input forces can be increased or redirected using simple machines.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how light travels in straight lines and produces shadows.
• Learn how sound is produced by vibrating objects and travels through media.
• Connect observations of light and sound changes with real-world examples.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the basic resources living things need to survive and function.
• Explain how limiting needs can cause visible changes in organisms.
• Match common survival needs (water, air/gases, food, temperature, shelter) to examples of organisms.

Learning Objectives

• Describe minerals as naturally occurring, inorganic solids with a characteristic chemical composition and crystal structure
• Distinguish minerals using properties such as hardness, cleavage, fracture, streak, lustre, and colour
• Use simple field tests to identify and classify minerals, linking properties to rock formation and uses

Learning Objectives

• Identify the fulcrum, input arm, and output arm in a simple lever situation.
• Explain how input force and output force relate to arm lengths for each class of lever.
• Compare mechanical advantage and trade-offs in levers (force amplification vs. distance moved).+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how water depth and soil saturation affect wetland plants and animals.
• Explain structural adaptations of wetland plants, including aerenchyma and root features.
• Compare marshes, swamps, and bogs using their dominant vegetation and hydrology.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Define constraints and explain how they limit design options in science and engineering.
• Identify tradeoffs that occur when a design must meet competing needs (like strength vs. weight).
• Use clear criteria to choose a design option that best satisfies important limits.

Learning Objectives

• Explain what species richness, relative abundance, and distribution mean in a community
• Describe how evenness and habitat heterogeneity can increase biodiversity
• Differentiate native and introduced species and discuss how management history can affect communities

Learning Objectives

• Explain how sound reflection creates echoes and why the delay depends on distance to a surface.
• Describe how different surface materials affect sound absorption and reverberation.
• Use evidence to relate room geometry and surface placement to sound clarity and intelligibility.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how water, ice, and wind cause erosion and deposition in landscapes.
• Identify landforms created by erosion and deposition such as valleys, deltas, beaches, and moraines.
• Describe processes like river incision, sediment transport, glacial carving, and coastal erosion.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how criteria and constraints guide prototype evaluation
• Use evidence from test results to compare a prototype’s performance to stated criteria
• Identify how constraints affect which design options are possible+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how heating and cooling can change matter between solid, liquid, and gas states
• Identify key terms for state changes, including melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation
• Use temperature and particle movement/arrangement to describe why state changes happen

Learning Objectives

• Identify producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food chain or food web.
• Explain how energy moves through food chains using arrows.
• Describe how food webs show interdependence and why removing a link can affect many organisms.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the roles of system components such as a source, mechanism, and control in a simple technological system
• Explain how energy moves through a system and how component properties affect function
• Use system-thinking vocabulary (input, output, control, connector) to describe how a system achieves a goal

Learning Objectives

• Identify the basic survival needs of living things, including water, air/gases, food (energy), and suitable conditions like temperature and shelter.
• Explain how limited resources affect an organism’s behavior, growth, or stress level.
• Use evidence from a text to determine main ideas and to answer questions about survival needs.

Learning Objectives

• Describe evaporation as a liquid changing into a gas when liquid particles escape into the air.
• Explain condensation as a gas changing into a liquid when it cools on a surface.
• Relate evaporation and condensation to everyday observations like puddles drying and water drops forming on cold objects.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how testing results provide evidence about whether a solution works as expected
• Use recorded observations to identify patterns across multiple test attempts
• Describe how testing outcomes lead to specific improvements in a design

Learning Objectives

• Explain how distance ratios and gear tooth counts can predict output motion in simple machines.
• Use measurement units to relate force, distance, and rotation when reasoning about mechanical advantage.
• Interpret experimental results and describe reasons why real machines may differ from ideal predictions.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how water influences weather patterns.
• Identify different forms of water in the atmosphere and on Earth's surface.
• Explain how clouds and moisture lead to precipitation.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how drawings, charts, and tables organize data to reveal relationships.
• Identify patterns and trends in visual data displays.
• Interpret information from different types of data representations.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand different methods for separating mixtures based on their components.
• Identify which separation technique to use depending on mixture properties.
• Explain how appearance and behavior of mixtures guide separation decisions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how temperature changes cause matter to change states.
• Identify examples of melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation.
• Describe the particle behavior during different state changes.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand what simple machines are and how they help make work easier.
• Identify different types of simple machines such as levers and inclined planes.
• Explain how simple machines change the direction or amount of force needed.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the basic components and classes of levers, including fulcrum, input, and output arms.
• Explain how lever systems use proportional arm lengths to exert force and achieve mechanical advantage.
• Distinguish between the three classes of levers with examples: seesaw, wheelbarrow, and tweezers.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how sound reflection creates echoes and reverberation.
• Identify materials and surfaces that absorb sound and reduce echoes.
• Explain how surface geometry and arrangement affect sound clarity in rooms.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how the physical construction of musical instruments affects sound.
• Identify factors that influence pitch and loudness in different instruments.
• Link physical parameters to acoustic outcomes in string, wind, and percussion instruments.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand how the ray model represents light propagation.
• Identify how rays are used to predict shadows and reflections.
• Describe the relationship between incident and reflected rays.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand different types of symbiotic relationships among species.
• Identify examples of mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
• Analyze how these interactions affect community structure and population control.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand key principles in selecting materials, safety margins, and tolerance for mechanism design.
• Analyze strategies to maximize mechanical advantage while controlling size and failure modes.
• Evaluate durability and maintenance considerations in gear, pulley, and linkage systems.+ Show more