Grade 4 Science Worksheets

Learning Objectives

• Explain how waves can carry information by changing amplitude, frequency, timing, and the presence or absence of pulses
• Identify how signals can be encoded, transmitted, detected, and decoded using wave patterns
• Compare how signal clarity and interference risks can differ across air, water, and optical fibers

Learning Objectives

• Identify the living and nonliving components of an ecosystem
• Explain how nonliving factors (sunlight, water, air, temperature, and soil) affect which organisms can survive
• Describe how living things in an ecosystem depend on one another and on nonliving conditions

Learning Objectives

• Identify how rock layers (superposition) and rock features can provide evidence about changes in Earth’s past.
• Explain how fossils and their environments help scientists infer past habitats and climate conditions.
• Use evidence from multiple layers and fossil records to support a claim about environmental change over time.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how evidence helps make a scientific claim more convincing
• Identify types of evidence, such as observations and measurements
• Describe how scientists respond when evidence conflicts with an explanation+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how wind and water cause erosion by moving soil and wearing down surfaces.
• Identify common erosion-control solutions that reduce runoff or wind transport of particles.
• Match key erosion-control terms with their meanings and use them to answer science questions.

Learning Objectives

• Identify different types of energy: thermal, light, sound, and electrical.
• Describe sources and effects of various energy forms.
• Explain how energy moves through matter and space.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify thermal energy and describe how heat moves between materials.
• Use evidence from a text to explain observable effects of heat transfer.
• Distinguish between direct contact heating and heating from a distance.

Learning Objectives

• Identify thermal, light, sound, and electrical energy and describe how each one can be observed in everyday situations.
• Explain how energy transfers through matter and space using examples of conduction, transmission of light, and sound through air.
• Model and describe electrical energy transfer in simple circuits using the movement of electrons.

Learning Objectives

• Identify examples of thermal, light, sound, and electrical energy from everyday situations
• Describe observable effects that show energy is moving
• Explain how heat, light, sound, and electrical energy transfer through matter and space+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain the roles of producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food chain.
• Describe how energy moves through an ecosystem from one organism to another.
• Model how decomposers recycle nutrients back into the environment.

Learning Objectives

• Identify key ideas about how humans get energy from natural resources.
• Explain how different energy sources connect to the environment.
• Use evidence from a passage to answer science questions.

Learning Objectives

• Describe how energy is produced from natural resources such as coal, oil, natural gas, wind, and sunlight.
• Explain how burning fuels and using energy can affect air and water quality and habitats.
• Compare trade-offs between fossil fuels and renewable energy sources using examples.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how temperature changes can cause matter to melt or freeze
• Identify key differences between solids and liquids during phase changes
• Describe how melting and freezing are reversible processes

Learning Objectives

• Explain how reproductive structures protect embryos and help offspring survive early development
• Describe how plant seeds, fruits, roots, and leaves support reproduction and early growth
• Identify protective structures in animal reproduction and connect them to survival and life cycles+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify how major internal body systems work together to support survival and growth.
• Describe the functions of the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive systems.
• Use vocabulary from internal structures to explain how life processes continue under changing conditions.

Learning Objectives

• Identify independent, dependent, and controlled variables in a scientific test
• Explain why controlled factors must be kept constant to reduce alternative explanations
• Use evidence such as measurements and graphs to describe relationships between variables

Learning Objectives

• Explain how evaporation and condensation are related to heating and cooling of water.
• Identify evidence of evaporation and condensation in everyday situations.
• Describe how matter changes between liquid and gas phases without becoming a new substance.

Learning Objectives

• Distinguish weather from climate by describing what each term means.
• Explain how repeated weather observations can describe a region’s climate.
• Identify and describe weather elements such as temperature, precipitation, wind, and cloud cover.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify the main idea and key details about how waves interact with barriers.
• Describe how reflection changes a wave’s direction and how that affects what we observe.

Learning Objectives

• Explain why repeated observations and measurements increase confidence in scientific conclusions.
• Identify patterns that remain similar across trials and describe how variation can still be normal.
• Use trial data to distinguish likely patterns from random outcomes.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how external body features help animals survive in their environments.
• Connect form and function by describing how structures (beaks, fur, feathers, scales, claws, wings) support specific behaviors.
• Use evidence from text and examples to identify the main idea of animal adaptations.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how solids, liquids, and gases differ in shape and volume.
• Use everyday examples to describe how matter occupies space.
• Identify the best main idea for short science reading paragraphs.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how waves can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted when they meet different materials
• Use the terms reflection, absorption, and transmission to explain observable changes in wave behavior
• Compare how different materials affect wave direction and intensity

Learning Objectives

• Identify what common weather instruments measure, such as temperature, rainfall, wind direction, and wind speed.
• Use correct units when describing weather data, including degrees Celsius, millimeters, and kilometers per hour.
• Explain why consistent measurements over time help compare changing weather conditions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Describe how waves can be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted when they reach a boundary between materials
• Use evidence such as changes in intensity, amplitude, and direction to compare different material effects on waves
• Explain how echoes and sound/light paths show wave interaction with surfaces and media+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain what a habitat is and describe key habitat conditions (food, water, shelter, and living conditions).
• Describe how organisms in the same habitat depend on one another for resources.
• Use evidence from a text to identify main ideas and make correct claims about habitat relationships.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how human activities can affect Earth systems (land, water, air, and living things).
• Describe solution strategies that reduce harmful impacts, such as reducing waste and preventing contamination.
• Apply cause-and-effect reasoning to predict how certain actions can lessen pollution and protect ecosystems.

Learning Objectives

• Explain the difference between criteria for success and constraints in an engineering design problem.
• Identify criteria and constraints in a real-world design scenario.
• Use criteria and constraints to decide what design changes are needed after testing.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how climate patterns differ from day-to-day weather and how long-term data helps describe climate.
• Identify factors that influence climate, including latitude, ocean proximity, and prevailing winds.
• Use climate pattern ideas to predict how ecosystems may be affected by changing water availability and seasonal timing.

Learning Objectives

• Identify the five senses and their functions.
• Describe how the senses help humans respond to their environment.
• Understand the importance of sensory organs.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how animal senses (vision, hearing, smell, touch, and taste) help gather information from the environment
• Describe how sensory information is processed by the nervous system to produce behavioral responses
• Use examples to connect sensory input to actions that improve survival

Learning Objectives

• Describe how animals gather information using their senses.
• Explain how sensory input helps an animal decide on a response.
• Match senses to common behaviors such as moving, freezing, or seeking shelter.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how vision helps animals move safely.
• Identify details from a text about senses and responses.
• Use evidence from a passage to answer questions about cause and effect.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how major parts of an engineering design work together to meet success criteria and constraints.
• Describe structure-to-purpose relationships by linking a component’s function to its effect on heat transfer.
• Use evidence from a model design to identify which parts reduce melting and why.

Learning Objectives

• Identify how water, ice, wind, and vegetation contribute to weathering and erosion.
• Match specific weathering agents to the landforms they commonly create.
• Compare relative rates of sediment transport and landscape change in different conditions.

Learning Objectives

• Find evidence in a text about how running water changes landforms.
• Explain how erosion and deposition shape river valleys.
• Use details from a passage to support a short claim.

Learning Objectives

• Identify weathering processes caused by running water, wind, ice, waves, and plant roots.
• Match common landforms to the agents that shape them through erosion.
• Compare relative rates of sediment movement under different environmental conditions.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how scientific inquiry uses observations and questions as starting points
• Use evidence from measurements or data to support an explanation
• Describe how scientists revise ideas when new evidence does not match

Learning Objectives

• Understand the concept of species richness and relative abundance within communities.
• Distinguish between native and introduced species in an ecosystem.
• Explain how habitat heterogeneity influences biodiversity levels.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify and describe common simple machines and their mechanical functions.
• Explain how simple machines change the magnitude, direction, or distance of force.
• Recognize examples of simple machines in daily life and classify their function.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the concepts of pitch and loudness in sound.
• Identify physical factors that influence pitch and loudness.
• Describe how tension, length, and mass affect string vibration and sound.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Explain how gears transfer motion through meshing teeth and how gear ratios affect rotational speed and torque.
• Describe how gear size, tooth count, and gear order determine output direction and magnitude.
• Compare simple gear trains, idler gears, and compound gear trains for changing speed and mechanical advantage.

Learning Objectives

• Explain how strings change pitch using length, tension, and mass per unit length
• Describe how wind instruments change pitch using effective air-column length and opening patterns
• Connect percussion pitch and tone to size, tension, and material stiffness+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Define independent variable, dependent variable, and controlled (fixed) variables in a science investigation.
• Explain why keeping background conditions consistent makes experimental results more reliable.
• Identify which variable should be changed and which variables should be kept the same in an experiment plan.

Learning Objectives

• Understand how light interacts with different materials to cause transmission, absorption, and scattering.
• Identify examples of transparent, translucent, and opaque materials in everyday life.
• Explain how surface and bulk properties influence the color, brightness, and heat effects of materials.

Learning Objectives

• Understand factors that influence population increases and decreases in species.
• Identify physical and behavioral adaptations that support species survival.
• Connect environmental conditions with species adaptations and population dynamics.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Understand the basic structure of food chains and webs in ecosystems.
• Identify producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food chain.
• Explain how energy flows from one organism to another in a food chain.+ Show more

Learning Objectives

• Identify claims, evidence, and reasoning in scientific examples.
• Choose evidence that best supports a scientific claim.
• Explain how reasoning connects evidence to a claim.+ Show more